. |
|
|
|
| . |
|
|
|
.....MZUMBE UNIVERSITY UONGOZI JOURNAL |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
.... Vol .21.Issues No 1 June: 2010 FACTORS HINDERING ADOLESCENTS FROM USING REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES: A CASE OF MOROGORO RURAL AND URBAN DISTRICTS, TANZANIA Abstract The study to assess factors hindering adolescents from using reproductive health services (RHS) was conducted in Morogoro Rural and Urban in 2007. Broadly, the objective of the study was to assess the experiences of out of school adolescents in accessing RHS. Specifically, the study examined their knowledge towards RHS, identified factors hindering them from using RHS, determined their knowledge towards HIV/AIDS and examined the sexual behaviour of female adolescents who are out of school. Data was collected from 224 respondents. The study has shown that the majority of adolescents who were out of school have heard of RHS. Despite their very high knowledge on RHS, the proportion that had ever used the services was relatively small. Females were the majority among those who ever used the services. Socio-cultural barriers which exist due to lack of culturally appropriate information and education have been identified as the main cause for non-use of RHS. The study recommends involvement of adolescents in all stages of programmes earmarked for them. Community leaders and parents be sensitised to appreciate the importance of RHS for the adolescents and to play an active role in encouraging them to use the services. *Jeremiah N. Kirway (PhD) is a Senior Lecturer in Population Studies at Mzumbe University and Lulu E. Genda is a Lecturer in Development Studies at Mzumbe University. _____________________________________________ IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ON SUBJECTIVE ECONOMIC WELFARE AND WELL-BEING OF HOUSEHOLDS IN RURAL SOUTH PARE HIGHLANDS, TANZANIA: Abstract Keywords South Pare highlands, Environmental degradation, subjective economic welfare, subjective well-being.
*Romanus L. Dimoso(PhD) is a lecturer in Economics at the Faculty of Social Sciences of Mzumbe University. He is also the Head of Research and Publications Department of Mzumbe University.__________________________________________ THE CONCEPTS OF RATIONING HEALTH RESOURCES AND THE EXPERIENCE OF TANZANIA, NEW ZEALAND AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Abstract The successful provision of health care services in any country relies much on available resources. However, since resources are scarce, effective rationing of whatever available resources is important if set health care priorities are to be achieved. This paper, explores the concept of rationing the health care resources by considering some experiences of Tanzania, New Zealand and United States of America. It intends to stimulate the discussion of rationing health care resources in the Tanzanian health care system. The purpose is to promote a fair means of rationing limited health care resources. This paper promote that, the understanding of the basic concepts and its implications is an important step toward equity distribution or rationing of scarce health care resources. The health resources include finance, manpower and equipments. In this paper, the term ‘resources’ is used to represent these three aspects: finance, manpower and equipment. *Henry A. Mollel (PhD) is a Lecturer in the Faculty of Public Administration and Management and Paul J. Amani is an Assistant Lecturer in the Faculty of Public Administration and Management, Mzumbe University. ________________________________________ Opportunities and Challenges of Community Participation in Health Planning in Morogoro Municipal Council in Tanzania Abstract This paper uses 2007 data collected from Morogoro Municipal Council, in Tanzania to provide an analysis of community role in health planning. The data were collected from 65 respondents through interview, questionnaires administration, observation and documentary review; and were analyzed by using frequencies, percentages and tables that were facilitated by the use of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences tool. Although the study was more qualitative in nature, quantitative measurements were also employed. The study reveals that though there are opportunities for community participation in the health planning through Health Service Boards, Health Facility Governing Committees, and Council Health Service Board and Community based initiatives, there is limited knowledge on health services activities to the community due to lack of information, financial resources and limited power in decision making which in turn hamper community based initiatives to flourish. These drawbacks suggest that there is need to improve community involvement in decision- making, means of expression, community initiatives, reinforcing policy and legal framework; and capacity building for technical source at municipal level and community level. *Moses J. Ndunguru is a Lecturer in Urban Management and Development in the Department of Development Policy, IDS, Mzumbe University. _____________________________________________ DETERMINANTS OF LOW GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION IN LINDI REGION: A CASE STUDY OF NACHINGWEA DISTRICT
Abstract This paper uses 2007 data collected from Morogoro Municipal Council, in Tanzania to provide an analysis of community role in health planning. The data were collected from 65 respondents through interview, questionnaires administration, observation and documentary review; and were analyzed by using frequencies, percentages and tables that were facilitated by the use of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences tool. Although the study was more qualitative in nature, quantitative measurements were also employed. The study reveals that though there are opportunities for community participation in the health planning through Health Service Boards, Health Facility Governing Committees, and Council Health Service Board and Community based initiatives, there is limited knowledge on health services activities to the community due to lack of information, financial resources and limited power in decision making which in turn hamper community based initiatives to flourish. These drawbacks suggest that there is need to improve community involvement in decision- making, means of expression, community initiatives, reinforcing policy and legal framework; and capacity building for technical source at municipal level and community level.
*The Late Saidi H. Saidi was an Assistant Lecturer in the Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education Foundations and Teaching Management, Mzumbe University, and Dominik T. Msabila is a Lecturer in the Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education Faoundations and Teaching Management, Mzumbe University.___________________________________ WHICH GRADE OF MATHEMATICS PREREQUISITE COURSES DO STUDENTS NEED TO PERFORM WELL IN ECONOMETRICS? AN ORDERED PROBIT ANALYSIS: Abstract Pursuing economics courses requires the ability to use mathematics. Students typically are required to have a better background in mathematics and in addition they are required to take some mathematics courses at the University. Despite taking these mathematics courses, however, many students perform poorly in econometrics. The objective of this study therefore was to determine the minimum grade in mathematics prerequisite courses that students should get in order to perform well in econometrics. We used an ordered probit model to analyze the impact of mathematics courses on the grade performance of 135 Bachelor of Science (BSc.) in economics students at Mzumbe University. We found that grade D in O level basic mathematics reduces the probability of getting an A, B+ and B in econometrics. We thus believe that imposing a C grade in O level basic mathematics as the minimum admission requirement will improve the performance in econometrics compared to a D grade. Keywords: Mathematics prerequisite courses, Econometrics, Mzumbe University *Benjamin M. Nyamanyi is an MSc. Economics Student at Mzumbe University in the Department of Economics. Romanus L. Dimoso (PhD) is a Lecturer in Economics and Head of Research and Publications Department of Mzumbe University. _______________________________________ Effects of Environmental Degradation on Intra-Household Labour Time Allocation in the Rural South Pare Highlands, Tanzania Abstract We assess the effects of environmental degradation on intra-household labour time allocation in rural South Pare, Tanzania. We distinguished three types of areas, namely, severely-degraded, medium-degraded and non-degraded environmental conditions. The unit of analysis is the household composed of both parents and at least one schoolchild. The results, among others, show that environmental products collection and/or grazing time by the household members is, almost in all groups and in accordance to gender-biased activity, significantly influenced by the environmental conditions. Policies geared towards implementing projects that allow households to save time by increasing the availability of environmental products (e.g., forestry projects) or by allowing more efficient use of them (e.g., improved stove programmes) may be quite beneficial. Keywords: Environmental degradation, intra-household labour time allocation, the rural South Pare highlands, Tanzania. *Romanus L. Dimoso(PhD) is a lecturer in Economics at the Faculty of Social Sciences of Mzumbe University. He is also the Head of Research and Publications Department of Mzumbe University. ________________________________
NO MONEY, NO LIBERTY TO SWITCH: EXPLAINING THE EFFECT OF DEPENDENCE ON THE SUPPLIER’S CREDIT Abstract Although dependence on trade credit is extensively for most financially constrained firms, the consequence of such dependence on the freedom of the customers to switch the suppliers is not apparent. This paper presents the findings of the study that sought to address this issue by investigating the extent to which dependence on trade credit acts as a switching barrier to the customers. The author develops an empirical model about the impact of trade credit use on switching behaviour and test the model in the context of rice market sector using a probit with instrumental variable (IVPROBIT) approach. The empirical results show that dependence on trade credit acts as an important barrier to customer switching. In particular, customers who depend much on trade credit from a particular supplier continuously buy from the same supplier (i.e. do not often change). Moreover, the perceived time needed to establish trade credit relationship with a new supplier before trade credit can be given and lack of alternative supplier who can sell at better terms than the current supplier contribute to explaining the cost of switching by a customer. *Ernest P. Kihanga (PhD) is a Senior Lecturer in Accountancy and Finance in the Faculty of Commerce, Mzumbe University, Tanzania. _______________________________________
CONTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURE SUB-SECTORS TO THE GROWTH OF GDP IN TANZANIA MAINLAND EVIDENCE FROM TIME SERIES DATA, 1976-2007 Abstract This paper attempts to examine the contribution of Agriculture sub-sectors of crop production, Livestock and Fishing to the growth of GDP in Tanzania Mainland. Time series secondary data were used whereby Ordinary least Square method was applied to estimate the model. Results show that; crop production and fishing sub-sectors significantly relate positively to GDP though the magnitude of change for fishing is very low indicating its small contribution to GDP. The results equip policy makers with the knowledge on where to direct efforts in the push for economic growth keeping in mind the magnitude of influence of each sector in the economy. Key words: Agriculture Sector, Gross Domestic Product, Tanzania Mainland. **Edward Litanda is an MSc. Economics Student at Mzumbe University in the Department of Economics. Romanus L. Dimoso (PhD) is a Lecturer in Economics and Head of Research and Publications Department of Mzumbe University. _______________________________________ INFORMATIONAL, TECHNICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACCEPTANCE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN DODOMA Abstract Recent renewable energy programs advocate adoption of alternative energy sources both in rural and urban areas. Solar electricity is a practical technology for solution of energy crisis in our country. This study identifies and describes the effects of informational, and institutional technical factors for adoption of solar energy technology. The study involved 80 subjects randomly sampled from Mpwapwa district and Dodoma Urban. Primary data were collected by a questionnaire and in-depth interviews. SPSS 11.5 was used in processing and analysing collected data. Critical factors limiting adoption of solar energy technology for conserving forest resources include; conflicting information on the new technology received from different sources, inadequate demonstration, and complex recommendations accompanied with new innovation for peasants to comprehend. Technical factors that adversely affect adoption of solar energy include lack of qualified and experienced technicians, lack of solar energy management skills, difficulties in fitting of new technology into accustomed energy consumption pattern, housing type and size not accommodating the new innovation. Institutional factors include lack of accessibility to credits/incentives, lack reliable extension services, and poor marketing of the technology by change agents. It is recommended that special efforts should be done by all energy stakeholders for a remarkable shift of people from using biomass energy into solar electricity. Suppliers and change agents should assure users with adequate demonstration of how the innovation works and fits well in their local settings. Qualified technicians for solar energy should be made available so as to assure users with perfect installation of the technologies. Rural electrification and forest resource conservation in many parts of Tanzania can easily be achieved by heavily investing on renewable energy resources like solar power. *Mwabless N. Malila is a Lecturer in Rural Development, IRDP, Dodoma; Emmanuel M. Nyankweli is also a Lecturer in Rural Development, IRDP, Dodoma; and Batimo D. Sebyiga(PhD) is a Senior Lecturer, IRDP, Dodoma, Tanzania. _______________________________________ PERCEIVED IMPACT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORMS ON PRIMARY EDUCATION DELIVERY IN MKURANGA DISTRICT Abstract This article examines the perceived impact of Local Government Reforms (LGRs) on the delivery of primary education in Mkuranga. Specific interest is placed on unveiling people’s perceptions on LGRs impact on enhancing primary education quality and the realisation of good governance ethos in primary education delivery. The article indicates that people perceive a commendable contribution of LGRs in the achievements of primary education sector in Mkuranga in the areas of construction of quality school buildings, abolition of primary school fees, enhanced students enrolment, increment of desks, textbooks and number of teachers through the Primary Education Development Programme (PEDP) approach and donor assistance. Despite these achievements the sector still experiences general problems of putting into practice good governance ethos, acute shortage of staff, lack of required facilities like libraries, playing grounds etc, and teachers’ accommodation that require to be addressed. Key Terms: Local government reforms, decentralisation and primary education *Mrisho M. Malipula is a Lecturer in Development Policy in the Institute of Development Studies while Mangi J. Ezekiel (PhD) is a Lecturer in the School of Public Health and Social Science at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science. _______________________________________ A REVIEW OF WILLIAM AND PETER’S ARTICLE, “TOWARD A RENAISSANCE IN CURRICULUM THEORY AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE USA”: Abstract This paper is based on the review of the article titled “Toward a Renaissance in Curriculum Theory and Development in the USA” by William and Peter (2003). The purpose of reviewing the aforementioned article was to enlighten the readers on the critical state of curriculum theory and development in the USA and see how it is related to Developing Countries like Tanzania, Kenya and Malawi. The authors contend that the curriculum development in the USA has existed in the state of disarray due to the conflicting visions and enduring concerns by various stakeholders in education. They further argue that the six signs of curriculum crisis that were established by Schwab (1989) still exist and are even in a more aggravated nature despite various efforts by the curriculum developers and the government to make attempts of bailing out the curriculum from the moribund state. Key Words: Curriculum, Curriculum Theory, Curriculum Development, Renaissance, and Reconceptualisation *Dominik T. Msabila is a Lecturer in the Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Education Foundations and Teaching Management, Mzumbe University. _______________________________________
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| HOME | Library Services | Applications | Almanac | Events | Alumni | Staff Directory | Search | Contacts |
|
© 2004-2005 Mzumbe University [Chuo Kikuu Mzumbe]- Tanzania. All Rights Reserved. Email: info@mzumbe.ac.tz |
